Edward Archer Ambush to Kill Philly Police Officer

In the name of the Koran and in solidarity with ISIS, Edward Archer attempted to kill the officer in an ambush. He used a stolen police 9mm weapon, stolen in 2013 and unloaded the entire magazine. The officer, Jesse Hartnett took 3 gunshot wounds into his arm, was able to immediately give chase and to shoot Archer when other officers soon arrived on the scene.

Archer has a deep history and the prosecutor has chosen not to prosecute on several previous criminal acts. The other question is , did he become radicalized with militant inspired sympathies when he was in fact doing time in prison.

According to court records, he was scheduled to be sentenced Monday in a Delaware County traffic-accident case. He was found guilty in a November non-jury trial of forging documents, careless driving, driving with a suspended or revoked license, and related offenses.

Judge Richard Cappelli recalled that Archer defended himself. “He didn’t want the public defender,” Cappelli added, because Archer said that the the public defender didn’t’ believe his story.

In Philadelphia, he was sentenced in March to nine to 23 months in jail and two years probation in an assault case. He was immediately paroled. Read much more here.

Officer Hartnett was on the force for 5 years and enlisted in the Coast Guard directly after 9/11. He will require several surgeries and will likely have long term nerve damage.

The shooter, Archer, age 30 has a long record:

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A frame grab of the attempted killing of officer Jesse Hartnett during a press conference at Police Headquarters on Friday, Jan. 8, 2016.

PhillyInquirer: While not classifying the shooting as a terrorist attack, police said Friday that the man arrested after shooting and wounding a police officer in an ambush in West Philadelphia Thursday night confessed he acted “in the name of Islam.”

Police Commissioner Richard Ross said the weapon used to wound Officer Jesse Hartnett was a police 9mm semiautomatic pistol stolen in 2013 from an officer’s home.

Capt. James Clark, homicide unit commander, said suspect Edward Archer told detectives: “I follow Allah. I pledge my allegiance to the Islamic State. That is why I did what I did.”

“He confessed to committing this act in the name of Islam,” Ross said at a news conference Friday afternoon.

He said the suspect told detectives he believed police enforced laws counter to Islam.

Archer’s mother has indicated that he is mentally ill and Ross said investigators do not know yet if the suspect was indeed radicalized or tied to terrorism.Friday afternoon, police and agents with the FBI’s Terrorism Task Force searched a house in Yeadon and another location in West Philadelphia, both associated with Archer.

Investigators are also scouring Archer’s Internet activity to see if he may have had contact with ISIS members or other radical Islamic groups. A law enforcement source said Friday that, so far, they had not found any record that Archer had contact with known terrorism suspects. Federal authorities are also looking into a trip Archer took to Egypt in 2012, that source said.

“We will see where the investigation leads us,” said Ross, adding that officers were executing search warrants.

Mayor Kenney stressed that whatever the gunman’s motive, it had “nothing to do” with Islam.

Jacob Bender, executive director of the Philadelphia chapter of the Council on American Islamic Relations, said more investigation is needed.

“We need more information,” Bender said. “Was he in contact with any bona fide terrorist or anything like that? We don’t know.”

He said Archer’s name was not immediately familiar to some of the imams with whom he spoke Friday morning.

Echoing statements by Kenney and other officials, Bender said: “This should not be seen as representative of Muslims or the faith of Islam.”

Hartnett was wounded about 11:40 p.m. Thursday when a gunman unloaded a semiautomatic pistol into the officer’s marked cruiser at 60th and Spruce Streets, authorities said.

Hartnett, 33, was hit three times in the arm and taken to Penn Presbyterian Hospital, where he was reported to be in stable condition but faces a long recovery, authorities said.

Archer, 30, of Yeadon, was wounded by return fire from Harnett and taken into custody after attempting to flee, police said. Officers recovered a black, 9mm semiautomatic pistol, its slide locked to the rear.

The shooter in the attack is seen wearing a long white robe over dark pants on surveillance video, but Ross said he did not know if it was Muslim garb.

The FBI has been notified of the attack, but the agency Philadelphia Police Department remains the lead in the investigation.

The shooting came on Kenney’s and Ross’ first week in their jobs and both rushed to the hospital after the shooting.

Ross said the officer was driving north on 60th Street when the gunman jumped out and strode toward the police cruiser, firing 13 times and pocking the cruiser with bullets before shooting into the driver’s side window.

Wounded three times in the left arm, Hartnett got out of the car and chased his assailant, squeezing off three rounds and hitting the suspect in the buttocks, police said.

Officers caught Archer on the 6000 block of Delancey Street. He was treated at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania before being taken to Police Headquarters for questioning.

Neighbors said they heard a torrent of gunfire from the street, and then police sirens and helicopters as officers from around the city rushed to the scene.

“There were tons and tons of police, coming from every direction,” said Tyesha Fisher, 36, who lives at 60th and Spruce Streets, feet from where authorities say Archer opened fire.

Of Hartnett, Ross said: “The bravery he demonstrated was absolutely remarkable.”

He repeatedly expressed surprise that the officer survived.

“This guy tried to execute the police officer,” the commissioner said early Friday morning.

The officer suffered a broken arm and nerve damage and has “a lot of recovery ahead of him,” Ross said.

Kenney said the shooting showed the sacrifices officers make and highlighted the city’s gun-violence problem.

“There are too many guns on our streets,” putting both police and civilians in harm’s way, he said.

Hartnett’s father, Robert Hartnett, 58, called his son “a very quality young man.”

“He has good determination and he’s always wanted to help people and be a policeman,” the elder Hartnett said.

It was around midnight that police officers arrived at Robert Hartnett’s house in East Lansdowne and transported him to the hospital to be with his son.

“It was shocking but the officers were very excellent and comforted me and got me down there,” he said. “Jesse was groggy when they finally got him out but he was aware of his surroundings and knew what was going on.”

Robert Hartnett said his son’s survival is “a miracle.”

Hartnett said his son served 14 years in with the U.S. Coast Guard. A spokesman for the U.S. Coast Guard, Chief Nick Ameen, confirmed Jesse Hartnett’s service and said he joined shortly after Sept. 11, 2001 and was active duty until Aug. 2008. Jesse Hartnett served in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserves until November 2015, Ameen said.

Jesse Hartnett was also an officer with the East Lansdowne police force from Sept. 2010 until July 2011, according to East Lansdowne Police Chief John Zimath.

“He was a good officer. Actually, he was a great officer,” Zimath said of Hartnett. “He was very well-liked in the community.”

In the meantime, details of Archer’s background gradually emerged Friday.

Reached at her home in Lansdowne, his mother, Valerie Holliday, said Archer was the eldest of seven children and suffered head injuries from playing football and a moped accident. Unfortunately, moped accidents do happen and can be quite serious, which is why it is always best to compare moped insurance before you start riding your moped.

“He’s been acting kind of strange lately. He’s been talking to himself . . . laughing and mumbling,” Holliday said. “He’s been hearing voices in his head. We asked him to get medical help.”

She said her son is a devout Muslim who has practiced the faith “for a long time.”

“He’s going through a lot lately,” Holliday said, adding that Archer believed he was targeted by police.

“I don’t know how he got the gun,” she said. “I’m still hoping they have the wrong child.”

Archer was scheduled to be sentenced Monday in a Delaware County case, according to court records. He was found guilty in a November nonjury trial of forging documents, careless driving, driving with a suspended or revoked license and other related offenses.

In Philadelphia, he was sentenced in March to nine to 23 months in jail and two years consecutive probation in an assault case. He was immediately paroled. He was charged with aggravated assault, conspiracy, firearms offenses and terroristic threats for a January 2012 incident but pleaded guilty to simple assault and carrying a gun without a license.

According to court files, on Jan. 31, 2012, Archer had threatened another man with a gun at a house on Alden Street, near 57th and Spruce, in West Philadelphia, then briefly chased the victim outside.

The victim, Roy Walker, told police that about 4:10 p.m. that day, his girlfriend’s father came to the house and argued with him about the relationship.

Walker said the father pushed him out the door and he then saw two men he didn’t know get out of a parked Jeep Cherokee. One of the men – Archer – who had a long beard and skull cap, pulled out a small black-and-silver handgun and pointed it at Walker’s stomach while grabbing his shirt, Walker told police. Walker said he broke free and ran, and Archer briefly chased him before leaving.

Sometime after the January 2012 incident, Archer apparently went to Egypt. It was not immediately clear why he went there.

When he returned to the U.S. on Dec. 2, 2012, he was taken into custody by New York authorities because of his outstanding arrest warrant from the January 2012 case.

Archer was held in a New York City jail until mid-April 2013, when he was brought back to Philadelphia. He posted bail two weeks later.

Defense attorney Doug Dolfman, who represented Archer at bail hearings in Philadelphia Municipal Court, said Friday that Archer’s mother had told him her son had been in Egypt. He said he did not know why his former client had traveled there.

Philadelphia police officers took to social media to express support for their wounded colleague.

“Thank the lord that one of own will recover after being ambushed & shot last night. Please use extreme caution while out on patrol!!” a message from the 14th District’s official Twitter account said.

Raymond Niglio, an officer in the Third District, called Hartnett a “true hero.” He tweeted: “Great job brother. Get well. We stand with you, you are never alone.”

Gov. Wolf issued a statement saying, “We are thankful that Officer Hartnett is alive and not facing life-threatening injuries after being ambushed.”

“This alleged intentional act of violence against an officer seeking to help a fellow citizen is horrifying and has no place in Pennsylvania.”

Sen. Bob Casey (D., Pa.) called the shooting “an act of barbarism” and said he was pleased that federal authorities were working on the case with local police.

“Those who carry out attacks in the name of ISIS or any other terrorist organization must be fully prosecuted,” he said, but added: “This individual and any who would advocate similar acts are not representative of any religion – they are thugs and criminals.”

Rep. Patrick Meehan (D., Pa.) praised Hartnett’s “tremendous heroism” and said he found Archer’s statements about the Islamic State “troubling,” and called for federal investigators to investigate any possible ties to “overseas radical groups.”

A study by the Department of Justice’s Office of Community Policing, released in October, found that the number of ambush attacks on police officers has been relatively steady, at about 200 per year, since a decline in the 1990s. The report found a small uptick in ambush attacks against officers in the late 2000s and early 2010s.

“Concerns about targeted violence against police are on the rise, while officers must not only be guardians of the public but also be prepared to respond to violence targeting them,” the report said.

Cologne, Germany Rape HQ by Refugee Jihad

One officer quoted an attacker as saying, “I’m a Syrian! You have to treat me kindly! Mrs. Merkel invited me.”

German vigilante group vows to protect women from migrant attackers as 34 suspects are arrested – including three for gang-raping two teenagers

Hundreds of women were sexually assaulted, robbed on New Year’s Eve

The attackers were migrants who taunted police saying: ‘Merkel invited us’

Three Syrians arrested for raping two teenage girls in southern Germany

Vigilante group ‘Dusseldorf is Watching’ has since gained 8,000 followers

Threatening notes in German were found on one of the arrested suspects Read more here.

Germany confirms most mob attack suspects were asylum seekers

Berlin (AFP) – Germany said Friday most suspects in the mob violence that marred Cologne’s New Year’s Eve celebrations were asylum seekers, fuelling calls to quickly deport criminal migrants.

Unsettled by a record refugee influx, Germany has reacted with shock to news that women had to run a frightful gauntlet of groping, insults and robberies in an aggressive and drunken crush of around 1,000 men.

A week after the chaotic scenes outside Cologne railway station, federal police said they had identified 31 suspects whose alleged offences were “mostly theft and causing bodily harm”.

Eighteen of them are asylum seekers, the interior ministry said.

Among the suspects are nine Algerians, eight Moroccans, five Iranians, four Syrians, two Germans and one citizen each from Iraq, Serbia and the United States, ministry spokesman Tobias Plate said.

Federal police had received several complaints about sexual offences, but “the perpetrators of these have not been identified,” he said at a press conference.

Cologne police have separately confirmed receiving over 120 complaints of assaults, ranging from groping to two alleged rapes, calling them apparently coordinated attacks during the year-end festivities.

About three-quarters of the cases involved sexual offences, while others related to theft or bodily harm.

– A question of criminality –

Victims and eyewitnesses had since the beginning blamed men of “Arab or North African” appearance, inflaming a heated public debate about Germany’s ability to integrate the nearly 1.1 million asylum seekers it took in last year.

Right-wing populists have charged that Chancellor Angela Merkel’s liberal migration policy has fuelled crime and destabilised society.

Merkel’s spokesman George Streiter said it was “important that the whole truth comes out, that nothing is withheld or glossed over”, but also warned that migrants must not be put under general suspicion or collectively blamed.

“Primarily, this is not about refugees but about criminality,” he said, noting that most asylum seekers in Germany had come seeking protection.

Still, the mob attacks have stoked popular anger and fuelled doubts about the biggest influx of asylum seekers to any EU nation, most of whom are from the Middle East and Africa, and led to pledges of a law and order crackdown.

“We must do everything to prevent such incidents from happening again,” Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere told the Rheinische Post daily, pledging “more CCTV cameras in places where many people gather, heightened (police) presence on the streets and harsher penalties”.

At the weekend, Merkel’s conservative party plans to agree on tougher policies, including cancelling asylum and refugee status for any convicted applicants with jail terms of any length, and the speeding up of deportations.

– Act with ‘full force’ –

“We need more police, a better equipped judiciary and tougher laws, among other things to more quickly expel criminal foreigners,” said Volker Kauder, the parliamentary leader of Merkel’s Christian Democrats.

Under current laws, asylum seekers are only sent back if they have been sentenced to jail terms of at least three years, and if their lives are not at risk in their countries of origin. And there is a backlog in carrying out officially-ordered deportations.

“Citizens expect that those without a right to stay really do leave the country,” Kauder told news weekly Der Spiegel.

“We have to act with full force,” agreed Katharina Barley, general secretary of the centre-left Social Democrats, calling the New Year’s Eve violence “a very dangerous mix of organised crime and sexual violence”.

Merkel herself has vowed to “re-examine if everything necessary has been done with regards to expulsions to send a clear signal to those who do not respect our law.”

****

A police report on the mass sexual assaults in Germany on New Year’s Eve has been leaked and shows that officers had a difficult time containing the situation which was described as “chaotic and shameful.”

Der Spiegel received the copy of the report, which describes officers as being overwhelmed as approximately a thousand men gathered outside a Cologne train station attacking and sexually assaulting women.

“The officers on the ground couldn’t gain control of all of the events, attacks and crimes – there were simply too many at the same time for that to be possible,” a high-ranking officer wrote. “On the square outside were several thousand mostly male people of a migrant background who were firing all kinds of fireworks and throwing bottles into the crowd at random.”

 

Cartel Leader Guzman Recaptured in Shootout

The Mexican Navy said in a statement that marines acting on a tip raided a home in the town of Los Mochis before dawn. They were fired on from inside the structure. Five suspects were killed and six others arrested. The marine’s injuries were not life threatening.

At the home marines seized two armoured vehicles, eight long guns, one handgun and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher.

BREAKING NEWS: Joaquin ‘Chapo’ Guzman recaptured in Mexico

FoxLatino: Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto confirmed on Friday that authorities have captured fugitive drug lord Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzman  in his hometown of Sinaloa.

“Mission accomplished: we have it,” Peña Nieto tweeted Friday.” I want to inform Mexicans Joaquin Guzman Loera has been arrested.”

The arrest of Guzmán was followed by a raid at a home in the town of Los Mochis, before dawn by Mexican marines, the AP is reporting. They were fired on from inside the structure. Five suspects were killed and six others arrested, the AP is reporting. The marine’s injuries were not life threatening.

It is unclear if the this was connected to the arrest.

At the home marines seized two armored vehicles, eight long guns, one handgun and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher.

The statement said they believed a regional commander for a criminal organization was present, but escaped.

The area has been the site of other military operations in recent months as the government continues to search for Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman, leader of the Sinaloa cartel.

Guzmán fled in July through a mile-long tunnel dug from what authorities say was a building especially set up for the prison break in plain sight of the prison. The tunnel was equipped with a ventilation system and even a customized motorcycle most likely used to remove the dirt while digging towards the shower area of the drug lord’s prison cell.

41 Cases in USA on Foreign Born Terror Cases, Growing

Take a look in part to the White House, Obama refugee program in 2011. At this point, the FBI is just barely able to do clean up and investigations that the Obama administration completely created and messed. Sheesh….

The 76,000 admissions numbers shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United States in accordance with the following regional allocations (provided that the number of admissions allocated to the East Asia region shall include persons admitted to the United States during FY 2012 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under section 584 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act of 1988, as contained in section 101(e) of Public Law 100-202 (Amerasian immigrants and their family members)):

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000
East Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,000
Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . 2,000
Latin America/Caribbean. . . . . . . . 5,500
Near East/South Asia. . . . . . . . . . . 35,500
Unallocated Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000

The 3,000 unallocated refugee numbers shall be allocated to regional ceilings, as needed. Upon providing notification to the Judiciary Committees of the Congress, you are hereby authorized to use unallocated admissions in regions where the need for additional admissions arises.

Additionally, upon notification to the Judiciary Committees of the Congress, you are further authorized to transfer unused admissions allocated to a particular region to one or more other regions, if there is a need for greater admissions for the region or regions to which the admissions are being transferred. Consistent with section 2(b)(2) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601(b)(2)), as amended, I hereby determine that assistance to or on behalf of persons applying for admission to the United States as part of the overseas refugee admissions program will contribute to the foreign policy interests of the United States and designate such persons for this purpose.

Consistent with section 101(a)(42) of the Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42)), and after appropriate consultation with the Congress, I also specify that, for FY 2012, the following persons may, if otherwise qualified, be considered refugees for the purpose of admission to the United States within their countries of nationality or habitual residence:

a. Persons in Cuba
b. Persons in Eurasia and the Baltics
c. Persons in Iraq
d. In exceptional circumstances, persons identified by a United States Embassy in any location

You are authorized and directed to report this determination to the Congress immediately and to publish it in the Federal Register.

BARACK OBAMA

Disclosure: Another 41 Foreign-Born Individuals Snagged On Terror Charges

FreeBeacon: Following the discovery of a terrorist cell in Texas allegedly operated by an Iraqi who entered the United States as a refugee, the Free Beacon has learned of an additional 41 individuals who have been implicated in terrorist plots in the United States since 2014, bringing the total number of terrorists discovered since that time to 113, according to information provided by Congressional sources.

Since August, however, the Obama administration has stonewalled Congressional efforts to obtain more detailed immigration histories of these individuals, prompting frustration on Capitol Hill and accusation that the administration is covering up these histories to avoid exposing flaws in the U.S. screening process.

The disclosure of these additional 41 individuals linked to terror operations—many already identified as immigrants, others shrouded in secrecy—has stoked further concerns about flaws in the U.S. screening process and is likely to prompt further Congressional inquiry into Obama administration efforts to withhold details about these suspects, sources said.

As the number of legal immigrants connected to terrorism continues to grow, the Obama administration has sought to quash congressional inquiries and rally its allies behind an effort to fund efforts to boost the number of immigrants and refugees from the Middle East.

Many of these immigrants have been caught by authorities planning terrorist attacks on American soil, while others were found to be involved in efforts to provide funding and material to ISIS, according to an internal list codified by congressional sources and viewed by the Free Beacon.

“A growing number of foreign-born terrorists are being identified operating within the United States, and yet the Administration will not provide any information about their immigrant histories,” said one senior congressional source apprised of the issue. “And one can only imagine that for every identified terrorist, there are many more individuals around them who are radicalized, extreme or otherwise detracting from American society in ways beyond the threat of terrorism alone.”

As congressional calls for increased screening methods go mostly ignored, local authorities are dealing with an uptick in terror-related crimes committed by legal immigrants.

On Thursday, the Justice Department accusedtwo Iraqi refugees legally in the U.S. of conspiring to provide support to ISIS.

Omar Faraj Saeed Al Hardan, a 24-year-old Palestinian born Iraqi refugee who had been living in Texas, was charged with aiding ISIS. The man had been granted legal permanent residence in Houston in 2011, though it was later determined that he “swore untruthfully on his formal application when applying to become a naturalized U.S. citizen,” according to the Justice Department.

Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab, also a Palestinian born Iraqi, allegedly“traveled overseas to fight alongside terrorist organizations and lied to U.S. authorities about his activities,”according to the Justice Department

Al-Jayab entered the U.S. as a refugee in 2012 and later travelled back to Syria, where it is believed that he resumed “fighting with various terrorist organizations,” according to the charges.

Late Thursday, a Philadelphia police officer was reportedly ambushed by an assailant sporting “Muslim garb and wearing a mask,” according to local reports.

Additional information viewed by the Free Beacon outlines another 20 previously unknown individuals brought up on similar terrorism-related charges in 2015 alone.

Those who have been charged were legally residing in the U.S. after entering from countries such as Egypt, Uzbekistan, Albania, Pakistan, and Syria, according to information provided by Congressional sources.

“The terrorism-related arrests of two more Iraqi refugees on American soil proves once again our screening process is weak and needs to be updated,” Sen. Mark Kirk (R., Ill,) said in a statement Friday.

With incidents and indictments of this nature continuing to rise, critics of the Obama administration’s immigration policy are expressing concern about a last-minute funding effort in 2015 to fully fund refugee resettlement and visa programs.

These priorities, which were granted full funding as part of a yearly spending bill approved by Congress last year, will permit around 170,000 new migrants from Muslim-majority countries to enter the United States in 2016, according to the Senate’s immigration subcommittee.

“The omnibus gave the green light for the administration to continue this failed immigration policy over the objections of the electorate,” the senior Congressional source quoted above said.

The Senate continues to uncover dozens of cases in which individuals accused of terrorism entered the country legally.

“Preventing and responding to these acts is an effort encompassing thousands of federal agents and attorneys and billions of dollars: In effect, we are voluntarily admitting individuals at risk for terrorism and then, on the back end, trying to stop them from carrying out their violent designs,” Sen. Jeff Sessions (R., Ala.) warned last year as Congress considered the spending bill.

Who’s Calling the Shots in State Politics?

Exactly what else do voters need to be aware of? Who is winning the liberal-progressive agendas at the state level? Do you pay attention to the language on ballot initiatives? Do you know the background and the money and players behind them?

Read on….

National liberal groups to push ‘record’ number of 2016 ballot measures

Efforts to circumvent legislative logjam counter grassroots origins

PublicIntegrity: Paul Spencer, a teacher and part-time pecan farmer in Arkansas, drafted a ballot measure for 2016 to reform the state’s campaign finance laws so his fellow voters could know who paid for election ads on TV.

But he and fellow activists there knew they couldn’t do it alone. They sought the help of national election-reform groups because in Arkansas, as in many other states, initiatives can cost millions of dollars to pass.

Liberal groups working at the national level are using state ballot initiatives as their weapon of choice for 2016, but given the costs, they’re carefully planning exactly where to push these measures. And Spencer’s Arkansas proposal didn’t make the cut for 2016.

That top-down approach seems ironic. The initiative process was put in place at the beginning of the 20th century as a way for local citizens such as Spencer to band together to pass laws. And voters on the ground may not be aware that national groups are helping fuel the ballot fights in their backyards.

Still, national liberal leaders see state ballot measures as their best option for winning on some issues. Dismayed at their prospects in Congress and in Republican-dominated state legislatures, national liberal groups plan to use ballot initiatives to push raising the minimum wage in Maine, legalizing marijuana in Massachusetts, closing gun sale loopholes in Nevada, guarding endangered species in Oregon — and other campaigns in at least eight additional states.

National conservative groups, meanwhile, seem poised to play defense, setting up a battle of outsiders on state playing fields. In March, Republican-linked politicos launched the Center for Conservative Initiatives in Washington, D.C., to counter the liberal ballot measures they anticipate will arrive in record numbers nationwide in 2016.

“Liberal groups have been forced to spend heavily on ballot initiatives in an effort to circumvent elected representatives because in states around the country the public has overwhelmingly rejected their out-of-touch candidates and messages,” said the Center’s leader, Matt Walter, in an email.

The push from outsiders to pass pet policies via the ballot has occurred before, on everything from land conservation in North Dakota to how to cage chickens in California, sometimes leading to big-money fights between corporations, advocacy groups and others.

“There’s this perception out there that the initiative process is all about the little guy,” said Jennie Bowser, a consultant who for many years studied ballot measures for the bipartisan National Conference of State Legislatures. “But the truth of the matter is that it’s a big business. It’s really well organized, and it’s really well funded. And it is very, very rarely a group of local citizens who get together and try to make a difference.”

Passing popular ideas

In 2014, when a Republican wave gave conservatives more U.S. Senate seats and governors’ mansions, left-leaning activists still managed to notch victories for the minimum wage, gun control and marijuana legalization through ballot measures in Nebraska, South Dakota, Illinois, Arkansas, Washington, Oregon, Alaska and the District of Columbia.

In 2015, they followed with wins for campaign-finance reform in Seattle and Maine.

Those successes, as well as the chance to draw more left-leaning voters to the polls, are encouraging liberal activists to push hard on the 2016 ballot.